Bride-to-be
April 30th,2010 by EricToday's investor resembles the ancient hero forced to choose between two unmarked doors. Behind one door stands his beautiful bride-to-be. Behind the other a hungry tiger paces restlessly.
The lady and the tiger symbolize the close relationship between good and bad or success and failure. The old tale of the lady and the tiger suggests that storytellers long ago recognized that great success can be achieved only by risking great losses.
Until recently, most investors seemed oblivious to this fact. But the dreadful experiences of recent years have cured many investors of their blind optimism. In addition, the efficient-market concept has played a role in the spreading awareness of the close the between risk and return. According to this concept, high returns can be earned in efficient markets only by taking on high risks.
Because of the intimate relationship between risk and return, risk is very important. However, risk is so vague and at the same time so complex, that few investors fully understand the concept.
Most people possess an intuitive understanding of risk , but they have a difficult time explicitly defining or measuring it. Many of them probably associate risk with an action which can easily result in substantial monetary loss or personal injury. For example, driving a car at 100 miles an hour seems risky because the driver might easily be killed, and investing $ 10,000 in a new company planning to convert iron into gold appears risky, since the firm will almost certainly go bankrupt.
This commonsense definition of risk suffers from shortcomings. Risk is best described as uncertainty about the actual outcome of an action. Driving a car at any speed may result in one of two outcomes—the driver either gets to his or her destination or becomes involved in an accident. The possibility of an accident and the subsequent loss always exists, but the chance of having an accident varies directly with the speed. Obviously, the uncertainty about the actual outcome becomes greater at higher speeds.
What is the risk of an investment? Since risk involves uncertainty about the eventual outcome, the risk of an investment must be related to the uncertainty about future values of the investment. If for some reason the investor knows the future value, there is no uncertainty and therefore no risk. The more uncertain the future value, the greater the risk.
To assume risk judiciously and enjoy a high rate of return, investors should consider the following guidelines when they contemplate risky investments.
• Every investor should be prepared to do some serious financial and economic analysis to determine whether each investment has a real chance of appreciating in value. A person who does not investigate before investing is not really investing, but simply gambling. Profitable investing requires either a lot of good luck or hard work.
Luck is uncertain, so hard work is the more rational way to attain higher returns.
• Every risk-averse investor should diversify. Placing all investable funds into one risky asset is not investing, but speculation. Speculation is more risky than investing and should be avoided unless the speculator enjoys reliable access to valuable confidential information about the asset. An investor should construct a portfolio of diversified investments so that the invested funds are subject to a minimum amount of undiversifiable risk.
• Don't be afraid of diversifiable risk when constructing a diversified portfolio, but do beware of undiversifiable risk. Diversifiable risk occurs randomly and tends to average out to zero in a portfolio that contains more than about one dozen NYSE stocks.
The unsystematic losses are offset by unsystematic gains. Undiversifiable risk, however, occurs systematically and cannot be reduced via diversification within a given market.
For example, almost all stock prices crash in the bear markets that precede every recession. As a result, a portfolio containing 1,000 stocks from the NYSE will usually crash just as far down as a portfolio made up of a dozen NYSE stocks during any given bear market period, if the portfolios have equal amounts of undiversifiable risk.
• Diversify across different markets. Although each securities market exhibits systematic price movements that are undiversifiable within that particular market, these movements are never perfectly positively correlated with the undiversifiable movements in a different market. As a result, you can often reduce risk by diversification among different securities markets.
Copyright: MBT Shoes have been sold on a really good dimension. Searching for a good MBT Shoes is up to you at Mbtshoes4sales.com.